Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Medizinische Fakultät
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Klinische Pharmakologie
The importance of lipid metabolism for the maintenance of pathogenic ILC2 responses
A major societal challenge in the Western world is the dramatic increase in chronic inflammatory disorders manifesting at barrier sites, including allergies, asthma (lung), psoriasis (skin), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; intestine). Recent advances identified a new group of innate immune cells primarily residing at such barrier surfaces, which were named innate lymphoid cells (ILC). The major task of ILC is the protection and maintenance of the tissue barrier. However, chronic activation of ILC can promote inflammation and contribute to inflammatory disorders manifesting at barrier sites. In general the etiology of barrier diseases is poorly understood but changes in life-style coinciding with westernization, such as abundant nutritional uptake and increased hygiene, leading to an overall absence of parasitic infections are suggested to play a role in disease development. Our recent data suggests that protective ILC2 mediated anti-helminth immune responses are dependent on fatty acid metabolism but not glycolysis and that vitamin A deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation in ILC2. Basing the function of ILC2 elicited in the context of helminth infection on fatty acid metabolism may have been important to mediate tissue repair and worm expulsion in settings of malnutrition and low glucose. However, this scenario dictated by chronic helminth infections and low nutrient availability has dramatically changed in the western world and it is completely unknown whether both protective and pathogenic ILC responses underlie a similar metabolic control. We are currently dissecting the metabolic control of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) with the aim to reveal metabolic programs dictating protection or immune pathology. Thus with our research we aim to contribute to the understanding of one major societal challenge, the dramatic increase in chronic inflammatory disorders and to identify novel potential targets for therapeutics as well as the possibility of dietary interventions strategies for their treatment.
LAB MEMBERS
PUBLICATIONS
Wilhelm, C., Harrison, O.J., Schmitt, V., Pelletier, M., Spencer, S.P., Urban, J.F., Jr., Ploch, M., Ramalingam, T.R., Siegel, R.M., and Belkaid, Y. (2016). Critical role of fatty acid metabolism in ILC2-mediated barrier protection during malnutrition and helminth infection. J Exp Med 213, 1409-1418.
Zhong, C., Cui, K., Wilhelm, C., Hu, G., Mao, K., Belkaid, Y., Zhao, K., and Zhu, J. (2016). Group 3 innate lymphoid cells continuously require the transcription factor GATA-3 after commitment. Nat Immunol 17, 169-178.
Spencer, S.P#., Wilhelm, C#., Yang, Q., Hall, J.A., Bouladoux, N., Boyd, A., Nutman, T.B., Urban, J.F., Jr., Wang, J., Ramalingam, T.R., Bhandoola, A., Wynn, T.A., and Belkaid, Y. (2014). Adaptation of innate lymphoid cells to a micronutrient deficiency promotes type 2 barrier immunity. Science 343, 432-437.# equal contribution
Turner, J.E., Morrison, P.J., Wilhelm, C., Wilson, M., Ahlfors, H., Renauld, J.C., Panzer, U., Helmby, H., and Stockinger, B. (2013). IL-9-mediated survival of type 2 innate lymphoid cells promotes damage control in helminth-induced lung inflammation. J Exp Med 210, 2951-2965.
Sciume G, Hirahara K, Takahashi H, Laurence A, Villarino AV, Singleton KL, Spencer SP, Wilhelm, C., Poholek AC, Vahedi G, Kanno Y, Belkaid Y, O’Shea JJ. Distinct requirements for T-bet in gut innate lymphoid cells. J Exp Med 2012.
Wilhelm, C., Hirota, K., Stieglitz, B., Van Snick, J., Tolaini, M., Lahl, K., Sparwasser, T., Helmby, H., and Stockinger, B. (2011). An IL-9 fate reporter demonstrates the induction of an innate IL-9 response in lung inflammation. Nat Immunol 12, 1071-1077.